Journal: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

Article Title: Hydrogen sulfide regulates circadian-clock genes in C 2 C 12 myotubes and the muscle of high-fat-diet-fed mice

doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Male C57BL/6J mice (5 weeks old) were fed either a standard chow diet (Control) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. (A) The mRNA levels of H2S producing enzyme genes (CSE, CBS, and 3-Mpst) were analyzed using qRT-PCR (n=4). (B, C) The H2S production capacity of muscle extracts was measured using the lead sulfide method (n=7). (D) The mRNA levels of target genes (Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM, GSS, and GSR) were analyzed using qRT-PCR (n=3–4). (E) Glutathione levels (n=6). (F-H) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels in the muscle (n=6). (I) The mRNA levels of CCG (Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα, RORα, Cry2, and Per2) and its controlled genes (PPARα, PPARγ, PGC-1α, and RXRα) were analyzed using qRT-PCR (n=3–4). The unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare the control with the HFD group. The asterisks indicate the significant difference between the control and HFD groups; *p≤0.05. Error bars represent values ±SEM.

Article Snippet: QPCR was performed using Applied Biosystems™ TaqMan™ Gene Expression Assays with primer/probe sets Nrf2 (Mm00477784_m1), GCLC (Mm00802655_m1), GCLM (Mm00514996_m1), GSS (Mm00515065_m1), GSR (Mm00439154_m1), CSE (Mm00461247_m1), CBS (Mm00460654_m1), 3-MPST (Mm00460389_m1), Bmal1 (Mm00500226_m1), Clock (Mm 00455950_m1), Rev-erbα (Mm01310356_g1), RORα (Mm01173766_m1), Cry2 (Mm01331539_m1), Per2 (Mm00478099_m1), PPARα (Mm00440939_m1), PPARγ (Mm00440940_m1), PGC-1α (Mm01208835_m1), and RXRα (Mm00441185_m1).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

Article Title: Hydrogen sulfide regulates circadian-clock genes in C 2 C 12 myotubes and the muscle of high-fat-diet-fed mice

doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Myotubes were transiently transfected with CSE siRNA (H2S deficient) or GCLC siRNA (GSH deficient). Scrambled siRNA, a nonspecific RNA duplex with no sequence homology with any of the genes, served as a control. (A) The mRNA levels of target genes (Nrf2, GCLC, and CSE) were analyzed using qRTPCR (n=3). (B-E) The H2S production capacity of in vitro CSE and GCLC knockdown myotubes was measured using the lead sulfide method (n=4). (F-H) Glutathione, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. (I) RT-qPCR was performed for assessment of the level of the CCG and its controlled genes as indicated (n=3). (J) Myotubes have treated with CSE and CBS pharmacological inhibitors propargylglycine (PPG), aminooxyacetate (AOA) 100μM for 12 h either separate or treated together and the mRNA levels of CCG (Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα, RORα, Cry2, Per2) were analyzed using qRT-PCR (n=3). One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Dunnett corrections means comparison was performed between the control and treatment groups. *p≤0.05 was considered significant. Data are expressed as mean±SEM.

Article Snippet: QPCR was performed using Applied Biosystems™ TaqMan™ Gene Expression Assays with primer/probe sets Nrf2 (Mm00477784_m1), GCLC (Mm00802655_m1), GCLM (Mm00514996_m1), GSS (Mm00515065_m1), GSR (Mm00439154_m1), CSE (Mm00461247_m1), CBS (Mm00460654_m1), 3-MPST (Mm00460389_m1), Bmal1 (Mm00500226_m1), Clock (Mm 00455950_m1), Rev-erbα (Mm01310356_g1), RORα (Mm01173766_m1), Cry2 (Mm01331539_m1), Per2 (Mm00478099_m1), PPARα (Mm00440939_m1), PPARγ (Mm00440940_m1), PGC-1α (Mm01208835_m1), and RXRα (Mm00441185_m1).

Techniques: Transfection, Sequencing, In Vitro, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

Article Title: Hydrogen sulfide regulates circadian-clock genes in C 2 C 12 myotubes and the muscle of high-fat-diet-fed mice

doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differentiated myotubes treated with either sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; 10 or 20 μM) or L-cysteine (LC; 300 μM) for 6 h. (A) The mRNA levels of target genes (Nrf2, GCLC, and CSE) were analyzed using qRT-PCR (n=3). (B, C) The H2S production capacity of in vitro myotubes exposed to NaHS and L-cysteine were measured using the lead sulfide method (n=4). (D-F) Glutathione, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. (G) RT-qPCR was performed for assessment of the level of the CCG and its controlled genes as indicated (n=3). (H) Myotubes were transiently transfected with CSE siRNA 100 nM, and post-treated with NaHS 20 μM for 6 h and the mRNA levels of CCG (Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα, RORα, Cry2, Per2) were analyzed using qRT-PCR (n=3). One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Dunnett corrections means comparison was performed between the control and treatment groups. *p≤0.05 was considered significant. Data are expressed as mean±SEM.

Article Snippet: QPCR was performed using Applied Biosystems™ TaqMan™ Gene Expression Assays with primer/probe sets Nrf2 (Mm00477784_m1), GCLC (Mm00802655_m1), GCLM (Mm00514996_m1), GSS (Mm00515065_m1), GSR (Mm00439154_m1), CSE (Mm00461247_m1), CBS (Mm00460654_m1), 3-MPST (Mm00460389_m1), Bmal1 (Mm00500226_m1), Clock (Mm 00455950_m1), Rev-erbα (Mm01310356_g1), RORα (Mm01173766_m1), Cry2 (Mm01331539_m1), Per2 (Mm00478099_m1), PPARα (Mm00440939_m1), PPARγ (Mm00440940_m1), PGC-1α (Mm01208835_m1), and RXRα (Mm00441185_m1).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, In Vitro, Transfection

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. The effects of different alcohols on CO2 absorption in KHCO3−H2O and KHCO3−H2O−45 wt % alcohol solutions: (a) effects of alcohols on the quantities of absorbed CO2. (b) The rates of CO2 absorption.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Effect of different alcohols on CO2 desorption in KHCO3−H2O and KHCO3−H2O −alcohol solutions.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. CO2 desorption rates in KHCO3−H2O and KHCO3−H2O−alcohol solutions.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Effect on IPA concentration on CO2 desorption in KHCO3−H2O and KHCO3−H2O −IPA solutions.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. CO2 desorption rates in KHCO3−H2O and KHCO3−H2O−IPA solutions.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Raman spectra of CO2 desorption. Measurements were taken at five-minute intervals from time 0 min to 40 min. (a) KHCO3−water−IPA solution (36 wt % IPA). (b) KHCO3−water solution.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. Major reaction pathways of CO2 capture with KHCO3−H2O and KHCO3−H2O−IPA solutions.

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: Atmosphere

Article Title: Highly Efficient Removal of CO2 Using Water-Lean KHCO3/Isopropanol Solutions

doi: 10.3390/atmos13091521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 9. Stability of KHCO3−H2O−IPA solution (36 wt % IPA).

Article Snippet: Ethanol (EtOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, ≥98%), isopropanol (IPA) (Alliance Chemical, Taylor, TX, USA,≥99%), methanol (MeOH) (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), 1-butanol (Fisher Chemical, Waltham, MA, USA, ACS grade), H2O, and KHCO3 (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL, USA, ≥99.7%) were utilized without further purification.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone controls mitochondrial biology in human epidermis.

doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1096

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 3. TRH enhances the number of ultrastructurally visible mitochondria. A, TRH increases the number of perinuclear mitochondria of human scalp skin epidermal keratinocytes in situ significantly. Mitochondrial number in the perinuclear region of human basal epidermal keratinocytes in situ after 1 d of human skin organ culture as seen by TEM (magnification, 6000). Arrows indicate exemplary mitochondria. Treatment: vehicle or TRH (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Figure shows mean SEM (n 6). ***, P 0.001. TRH increases the relative amount of mtDNA in epidermal keratinocytes. B, NHEK were treated with TRH in concentrations indicated in the figure and harvested 48 h later. Total DNA was isolated as described in Subjects and Methods. A mitochondrially encoded gene (MTCO1) was determined and normalized to a nuclear encoded gene (GAPDH). Figure shows mean SEM of three independent determinations; mean of control was taken as 1. **, P 0.01; ***, P 0.001 based on ANOVA and Dunnett post hoc test. TRH increases mRNA amount and immunoreactivity of TFAM. C, mRNA amount of the TFAM is significantly enhanced by TRH treatment. Figure shows mean SEM. *, P 0.05; ***, P 0.001. Interestingly, a bell- shaped curve was seen with the strongest effects at lower concentrations (1 and 5 ng/ml) of TRH. D, Immunofluorescence at a magnification of 100-fold performed on untreated human skin to visualize TFAM. Immunoreactivity of TFAM in human epidermis after 24-h treatment with 10 ng/ml TRH. TRH up-regulates transcription of mitochondrial key genes. TRH administration for 12 h at 1, 5, and 10 ng/ml concentration increases mRNA amount by 2- to 5-fold. E, HSP60. Figure shows mean SEM. ***, P 0.001. Again, a bell-shaped curve was seen, with the strongest effects at lower TRH concentrations (1 and 5 ng/ml). F, BMAL1. Figure shows mean SEM. *, P 0.05. G, PGC-1. Figure shows mean SEM. *, P 0.05.

Article Snippet: PCR amplification was performed using TaqMan primers and probes (assay ID: human MTCO1, Hs02596864_g1; human TFAM, Hs01082775_m1; human HSP60, Hs01036747_m1; human PGC-1 , Hs01016719_m1; human BMAL1, Hs00154147_m1) using the TaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix Protocol (Applied Biosystems).

Techniques: In Situ, Organ Culture, Isolation, Control, Immunofluorescence, Concentration Assay